Hip Study

 AP Projection

1. Patient in supine position;
2. Medially rotation of the lower limb 15º.

Central ray perpendicular to the femoral neck.

Respiration: Suspended.

Evaluation Criteria:

• Visualization of the hip joint;
• Greater trochanter in profile;
• Visualization of one third of the proximal femur;
• Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).

Lateral Projection

1.  Patient start in supine position;
2. Rotate slightly the patient from the affected side (30-45º);
3. Flex the affected knee 90º and the other lower limb it is in extension.

Central ray perpendicular to hip joint.

Respiration: Suspended.

 Evaluation Criteria:

• Visualization of one third of the proximal femur;
• Hip joint in the center of the image;
• Femoral neck is overlapped by the greater trochanter;
• Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).

Femur Study

AP Projection

1. Patient in supine position;
2. Medial rotation of 15º.

Central ray perpendicular to the middle of the femur.

Note: To study the distal femur it is necessary to include the knee joint and in study of proximal femur it is necessary to include the hip joint.

Evaluation Criteria:

• In study of distal femur it is necessary to see no rotation in the knee joint;
• In study of the proximal femur it is necessary to see the lesser trochanter in medial border and greater trochanter in profile;
• Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).

                Proximal Fémur

                Distal Fémur

Lateral Projection

1.  Patient turn to the affected side;
2. For the study of distal femur flex the knee 30º;
3. For the study of the proximal femur it is necessary to flex the knee 45º and rotate 5º for the lateral position.

Central ray perpendicular to the middle of the femur.

Proximal Fémur

Distal Fémur

Evaluation Criteria:

• In study of distal femur:
• Patella in profile;
• Patellofemural joint open;
• In study of proximal femur:
• Greater and lesser trochanters not proeminent;
• Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).

                                                           Proximal Fémur

Distal Fémur